(Mega)cities are confronted with problems caused by urbanisation and climate change, such as heat stress, drought, flooding, air and water pollution and poor sanitary conditions. The Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen and the University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam took the initiative, together with various national and international partners, to set up IWASTO. The IWASTO programme focuses on the restoration of the heavily polluted and deteriorated Pateros River in Manila. The objective of the programme is to restore ecological balance and prevent flooding and diseases from breaking out in those regions usually most heavily affected by natural or man-made disasters.